Which of the following statements concerning the situation at the end of the Qin-Han period is most accurate?
Non-Chinese nomads ruled much of China and a foreign religion, Buddhism, eclipsed Confucian teachings.
Despite the disappearance of imperial unity, the centralized bureaucracy continued to function as before in the capital of Beijing.
The central authority of the imperial government was rapidly reestablished under the Chou dynasty.
Aristocratic families rapidly lost ground to the growing influence of the scholar-gentry.
Which of the following dynasties did not fall into the chronological period following the political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han?
Tang
Sui
Shang
Song
During the political crisis following the fall of the Han, the Great Wall
provided the materials from which many Buddhist temples were constructed.
continued to serve as a barrier to the penetration of nomadic peoples.
became ineffective as a barrier to invasion, because it was held by many small kingdoms.
was destroyed and replaced by the Great Canal as a defensive barrier to nomadic peoples.
What made possible the rapid revival of the empire under the Tang?
the brevity of the period of political dislocation
the willingness of the Tang to abandon traditional approaches to government
the abandonment of Confucianism in favor of the more widely practiced Buddhism
the preservation in the many kingdoms of the Confucian traditions that had been central to Chinese civilization
Wendi was the man responsible for the
establishment of the Sui dynasty.
banning of Confucianism.
return to Legalist principles of government.
banning of Buddhism.
The support of which of the following groups was most critical to the reunification of China under the Sui?
the Buddhist monasteries
the Confucian scholar-gentry
the ethnic Chinese aristocracy
the nomadic warrior elite
Under the first Sui emperor
ever-ready granaries were created to relieve the threat of famine.
the Buddhists were persecuted.
the Grand Canal was constructed.
the Confucian scholar-gentry gained dominance.
Excessive military expenses and grandiose building projects led to
massive rejection of the Confucian scholar-gentry.
the reunification of China under the Shang dynasty.
a widespread Buddhist rebellion.
the downfall of the second Sui emperor and the collapse of the dynasty.
Li Yuan was
the most famous poet of the Tang-Song era.
a Buddhist monk who founded the Song dynasty.
the Duke of Tang, founder of the new dynasty.
second Sui emperor who murdered his father to gain the throne.
What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry?
The Tang feared the development of the scholar-gentry and continued to support the nomadic aristocracy of China.
The Tang supported the resuscitation of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy.
The Tang continued to support and patronize the growth of Buddhism in China at the expense of the Confucian scholar-gentry.
Confucianism continued to wane during the Tang dynasty and was only resuscitated under the Song.
The Ministry of Rites was responsible for the
administration of the Confucian examination system.
examination of local administration and trial of poor ministers.
regulation of Buddhist monasteries.
coronation of the emperors.
What was the title reserved for those who passed the most difficult exams on all of Chinese literature?
quondam
jinshi
kontai
mailo
Which of the following statements concerning entry into the Chinese bureaucracy is most accurate?
Although a higher percentage of candidates received office through the examination system than during the Han dynasty, birth continued to be important in securing high office.
Under the Tang family connections ceased to be of significance.
The examination system was eliminated during the Tang dynasty, and only members of the imperial family served in the bureaucracy.
Although the examination system continued to be monitored, almost all officials received positions as a result of family connections.
Pure Land Buddhism
appealed to the members of the Chinese elite.
was rejected by the Chinese peasantry.
stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty.
stressed salvation.
Which of the following statements concerning the Tang dynasty's attitude toward Buddhism is most accurate?
Under the Tang Buddhism became the official religion of the state.
From the outset, Buddhism was persecuted under the Tang.
Although Empress Wu attempted to have Buddhism recognized as the official religion of the state, later emperors persecuted Buddhism as an economic threat to the state.
After initial attempts to suppress Buddhism, later Tang emperors actually resuscitated the Buddhist monasterieshorizontalparticularly in southern China.
A result of imperial suppression,
Buddhism survived in a reduced state without much political influence.
Buddhism was eradicated in China.
Buddhism was restored as the primary religion of the state during the Song dynasty.
monastic orders continued to exert political influence and control landed wealth as they did in the first decades of Tang rule.
Yang Guifei was
the last emperor of the Tang dynasty.
empress of China during the Tang dynasty who sought to establish Buddhism as the official state religion.
an imperial concubine who exerted great influence on a Tang emperor and introduced many of her relatives into the imperial government.
the man responsible for the foundation of the Song dynasty.
What accounts for the relative weakness of the Song empire?
It never succeeded in achieving the degree of centralization that had typified the Tang empire.
The military was subordinated to the civilian administrators of the scholar-gentry, leaving the dynasty vulnerable to nomadic dynasties on the frontier.
The scholar-gentry quickly lost influence under the Song, and the bureaucracy ceased to function effectively.
Lack of agricultural productivity produced a general failure of the Chinese economy during the Song dynasty.
Under the Song emperors, the scholar-gentry
lost ground to the military elite among the landed aristocracy.
continued its ascent over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals.
continued to exist, but the examination system weakened.
declined in number as fewer men were admitted through the examination system.
Zhu Xi was
the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era.
the founder of the southern Song dynasty.
an imperial concubine who exerted great political influence through her family.
the most prominent poet during the Song era.
The growing influence of neo-Confucianism in China during the Tang-Song era
produced a growing interest in foreign philosophical systems.
led to reinforcement of class, age, and gender distinctions.
led to the destruction of the influence of the mandarins.
led to a renewed wave of technological and scientific innovation.
What Song prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to introduce reforms based on the Legalist school of Confucianism?
Xuanzong
Li Bo
Zhu Xi
Wang Anshi
What invading group caused the flight of the Song from northern China?
Mongols
Huang-chao
Liao
Jurchens
Which of the following statements concerning the economy of China during the Tang-Song era is not accurate?
The Chinese transportation and communication network deteriorated.
The level of urbanization in China increased.
The amount of land under cultivation and the productivity of Chinese agriculture increased.
The sophistication of Chinese commercial contracts and credit systems increased.
Which of the following was not a technological innovation of the Tang-Song era?